Industry 05 · Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers

Tube-to-tubesheet margin is decided by repeatability across hundreds of joints.

A heat exchanger fabrication run is hundreds to thousands of tube-to-tubesheet welds. The PT-series was engineered for exactly that geometry: tubesheet-clamping head, 0°/7° dual-angle slide base, 30-second elastic-collet clamping, full water-cooled head. PT40 covers φ12–38 mm tube on the FXT20 power source; PT80 covers φ38–60 mm on the FXT40 Pro — two head/power-source pairings covering typical heat exchanger fabrication.

ASME Sec VIII Pressure vessel code
TEMA · AWS D18 Heat exchanger standards
16–38 mm OD Typical tube range
PT40 · PT80 Recommended FYID heads
01 / The engineering problem

A 5% acceptance delta across 4,000 joints is the whole project margin.

Shell-and-tube heat exchanger fabrication is the most volume-sensitive welding problem in critical piping. A 500-tube bundle has 1,000 tube-to-tubesheet joints (both ends), and each one has to pass radiographic acceptance. A small change in first-pass acceptance, multiplied across the bundle, can decide the margin on the build.

The geometric problem is that tube-to-tubesheet welding has built-in asymmetry. The heat sinks are different on the four quadrants around each tube — one side flows into the tubesheet bulk, the other side has the next tube hole 5 mm away. A single fixed program can’t handle the asymmetry; you need per-quadrant parameter control.

The PT-series head was designed exactly for this. It clamps to the tubesheet, programs different peak current, base current, pulse frequency, and travel speed per quadrant, and indexes itself to the next tube row automatically. PT40 (φ12–38 mm tube) runs on the FXT20 compact power source — the same one that drives C-series closed-chamber heads. PT80 (φ38–60 mm tube) runs on the separate FXT40 Pro industrial power source.

02 / Technical requirements

The non-negotiables for tube-to-tubesheet orbital welding.

Requirement Detail
Code fitASME Section VIII pressure vessel · TEMA · AWS D18.1 · ASME Section IX WPS/PQR
Tube OD rangePT40: φ12–38 mm (½″–1½″) on FXT20 · PT80: φ38–60 mm (1½″–2⅜″) on FXT40 Pro
Wall thickness2 mm typical, programmable to 3.5 mm; flush and protruding projection both supported
Materials316L · 304L · duplex 2205/2507 · cupronickel 90/10 · titanium · Alloy 600/690
Quadrant control4-quadrant independently programmable: peak current, base current, pulse freq, travel speed per rotation
Arc controlAVC arc-length control across each tube rotation for consistent standoff despite projection variation
ThroughputAuto head-positioning between adjacent tube positions; elastic-collet clamping in <30 s
Data logPer-joint log indexed by (row, column) tube coordinate — V / I / gas / pulse / op ID / prog ID / timestamp
03 / Recommended FYID-Feiyide systems

For shell-and-tube heat exchanger fabrication, we recommend PT40+FXT20 (φ12–38 mm) and PT80+FXT40 Pro (φ38–60 mm).

FYID-Feiyide recommends PT40 (φ12–38 mm tube) paired with the FXT20 digital power source, and PT80 (φ38–60 mm tube) paired with the FXT40 Pro industrial power source for shell-and-tube heat exchanger tube-to-tubesheet welding. The two PT heads cover the typical tube diameter range across condensers, boilers, evaporators, and nuclear steam generators — with different power source pairings reflecting the different current requirements.

PT-series heads provide per-quadrant programmable parameters (peak / base / pulse frequency / travel speed), AVC arc-length control across each rotation, and automatic positioning between adjacent tubes. Actual acceptance rates depend on material, WPS, fixture condition, tube-sheet geometry, and inspection plan.

Recommended configuration

PT40 + FXT20 (φ12–38 mm)
PT80 + FXT40 Pro (φ38–60 mm)

Tube-to-tubesheet heads with per-quadrant parameter control and AVC arc-length, indexed by tube row.

Tube OD φ12–38 mm (PT40) · φ38–60 mm (PT80)
Wall 2 mm typical, programmable to 3.5 mm
Materials 316L · 304L · duplex · CuNi · Ti · Alloy 600
First-pass RA 90–95% typical on 316L (WPS-dependent)
Data log Indexed by (row, col) tube coordinate
Code fit ASME Sec VIII · TEMA · AWS D18.1
04 / Field result

UAE heat exchanger fabricator · 4,200 welds, 94% first-pass on 316L.

“First-pass radiographic acceptance went from 82% to 94% in three weeks. The audit log on every joint paid for itself the first time the inspector asked.”
Heat exchanger fabrication lead
UAE shell-and-tube production · 2026
(Customer name under NDA)
4,200
Tube-to-tubesheet joints completed on a single bundle build
82→94%
First-pass radiographic acceptance improvement in three weeks
<30 s
Head setup per tube via elastic-collet clamping — no operator reset between positions
8 wks
Total production build window from first weld to hydrostatic test
05 / Common questions from heat exchanger fabricators

What production leads ask before the quote.

Which orbital welder is best for shell-and-tube heat exchanger fabrication?

For shell-and-tube heat exchanger tube-to-tubesheet welds, FYID-Feiyide recommends PT40 (φ12–38 mm tube OD) paired with the FXT20 power source, and PT80 (φ38–60 mm) paired with the FXT40 Pro industrial power source. PT-series heads feature per-quadrant programmable parameters, AVC arc-length control, and automatic positioning between adjacent tubes. Actual acceptance rates depend on material, WPS, fixture condition, tube-sheet geometry, and inspection plan.

Can the PT-series handle duplex and cupronickel tube-to-tubesheet welding?

Yes. The PT-series program library covers 316L, 304L, duplex (2205 / 2507), cupronickel 90/10, titanium, and Alloy 600/690 through validated parameter entries. The head and power source are identical across materials — the operator selects the program; the parameter set adapts. For CuNi and Alloy 600/690, custom procedure development support is available on request before PQR qualification.

What affects first-pass radiographic acceptance on tube-to-tubesheet work?

Material, tube-sheet geometry, cleanliness, fit-up, WPS, and inspection plan all affect first-pass acceptance. PT-series heads support repeatability with per-quadrant parameter control, AVC, and automatic positioning between adjacent tubes. The 90–95% first-pass figure represents typical performance on 316L with a validated WPS — actual results depend on the factors above. The per-joint data log makes it straightforward to isolate whether a deviation was a process event or a material/fit-up issue, which speeds NDE disposition on the rest of the bundle.

How does the PT-series handle thermal asymmetry around the tube?

PT-series heads program peak current, base current, pulse frequency, and travel speed per quadrant (four positions around each tube). The thermal sink is different on each side — toward the tubesheet bulk on one side, toward the next tube hole on the other. Per-quadrant control compensates for the asymmetry instead of running a compromise single program. This is the primary reason the PT-series consistently outperforms manual TIG on first-pass acceptance in high-tube-count bundles.

Does the per-joint data log help with ASME Section VIII pressure vessel audits?

Yes. The data log indexes each weld against a tube-row coordinate (row R, column C) plus voltage, current, gas flow, pulse profile, operator ID, program ID, and timestamp. ASME Sec VIII inspections frequently ask for traceability on a specific joint location; the FYID-Feiyide log returns it in under 10 seconds. After NDE, joints that failed initial acceptance can be traced back to their logged weld parameters to distinguish a process deviation from a material or fit-up issue — critical for informed disposition on the rest of the bundle.

Send us the bundle drawing. We’ll spec the head, the power source, and the quadrant programs.

Engineering review within 24 hours. Include tube OD, wall, material, tube count, and target throughput per shift.

Talk to an engineer
行业 05 · 管壳式热交换器

管板焊接质量余量由数百个接头的重复性决定。

一批热交换器制造需要完成数百乃至数千个管板焊接接头。PT系列正是为这一几何结构而设计:管板夹紧焊头、0°/7°双角度滑动底座、30秒弹性夹头夹紧、全水冷焊头。PT40通过FXT20电源覆盖φ12–38 mm管道;PT80通过FXT40 Pro覆盖φ38–60 mm—两套焊头/电源配置覆盖典型热交换器制造范围。

ASME Sec VIII 压力容器标准
TEMA · AWS D18 热交换器标准
16–38 mm外径 典型管道范围
PT40 · PT80 推荐FYID焊头
01 / 工程问题

4,000个接头上5%的验收差异就是整个项目的质量余量。

管壳式热交换器制造是关键管道中对焊接量最敏感的工程问题。一束500根管子的管束有1,000个管板焊接接头(两端),每个接头都必须通过射线检验验收。一次合格率的微小变化,乘以整个管束,就能决定制造的质量余量。

几何问题在于管板焊接固有的不对称性。每根管子周围四个象限的热沉各不相同——一侧流入管板主体,另一侧距下一个管孔仅5 mm。单一固定程序无法处理这种不对称;需要按象限参数控制。

PT系列焊头正是为此而设计。它夹紧管板,按象限分别编程不同的峰值电流、基值电流、脉冲频率和行进速度,并自动索引至下一管排。PT40(φ12–38 mm管道)使用FXT20紧凑型电源——与C系列密封腔焊头相同。PT80(φ38–60 mm管道)使用独立的FXT40 Pro工业级电源。

02 / 技术要求

管板轨道焊接的刚性要求。

要求 详情
标准符合性ASME Section VIII压力容器 · TEMA · AWS D18.1 · ASME Section IX WPS/PQR
管道外径范围PT40: φ12–38 mm (½″–1½″) 配FXT20 · PT80: φ38–60 mm (1½″–2⅜″) 配FXT40 Pro
壁厚典型2 mm,可编程至3.5 mm;支持齐平和伸出两种接头形式
材质316L · 304L · 双相钢2205/2507 · 铜镍合金90/10 · 钛 · Alloy 600/690
象限控制4象限独立可编程:每圈峰值电流、基值电流、脉冲频率、行进速度
弧长控制每次旋转全程AVC弧压控制,保证伸出量变化下弧长稳定一致
产能相邻管位间焊头自动定位;弹性夹头夹紧时间<30 s
数据记录每焊口记录按(行、列)管排坐标索引——电压/电流/气体/脉冲/操作人员ID/程序ID/时间戳
03 / FYID-Feiyide推荐系统

对于管壳式热交换器制造,我们推荐PT40+FXT20(φ12–38 mm)和PT80+FXT40 Pro(φ38–60 mm)。

FYID-Feiyide推荐PT40(φ12–38 mm管道)搭配FXT20数字电源,以及PT80(φ38–60 mm管道)搭配FXT40 Pro工业级电源,用于管壳式热交换器的管板焊接。两款PT焊头覆盖冷凝器、锅炉、蒸发器和核电蒸汽发生器的典型管道直径范围——不同的电源配置反映了不同的电流需求。

PT系列焊头提供按象限可编程参数(峰值/基值/脉冲频率/行进速度)、每圈旋转全程AVC弧压控制,以及相邻管子间自动定位。实际验收率取决于材质、WPS、夹具状态、管板几何形状和检验计划。

推荐配置

PT40 + FXT20 (φ12–38 mm)
PT80 + FXT40 Pro (φ38–60 mm)

具备象限参数控制和AVC弧压控制的管板焊头,按管排索引。

管道外径 φ12–38 mm (PT40) · φ38–60 mm (PT80)
壁厚 典型2 mm,可编程至3.5 mm
材质 316L · 304L · 双相钢 · CuNi · Ti · Alloy 600
一次合格率 316L典型90–95%(取决于WPS)
数据记录 按(行、列)管排坐标索引
标准符合性 ASME Sec VIII · TEMA · AWS D18.1
04 / 现场结果

阿联酋热交换器制造商 · 4,200道焊缝,316L一次合格率94%。

“射线检验一次合格率在三周内从82%提升至94%。每个接头的审核记录,在检验员第一次查询时就证明了其价值。”
热交换器制造负责人
阿联酋管壳式生产项目 · 2026
(客户名称保密)
4,200
单个管束制造完成的管板焊接接头数量
82→94%
三周内射线检验一次合格率提升幅度
<30 s
通过弹性夹头夹紧实现每根管子的焊头安装——操作人员无需在管位间重置
8周
从第一道焊缝到水压测试的整体生产周期
05 / 热交换器制造商常见问题

生产负责人在报价前提出的问题。

管壳式热交换器制造最适合哪款轨道焊机?

对于管壳式热交换器的管板焊接,FYID-Feiyide推荐PT40(φ12–38 mm管道外径)搭配FXT20电源,以及PT80(φ38–60 mm)搭配FXT40 Pro工业级电源。PT系列焊头具备按象限可编程参数、AVC弧压控制和相邻管子间自动定位功能。实际验收率取决于材质、WPS、夹具状态、管板几何形状和检验计划。

PT系列能处理双相钢和铜镍合金的管板焊接吗?

可以。PT系列参数库通过经验证的参数条目涵盖316L、304L、双相钢(2205/2507)、铜镍合金90/10、钛和Alloy 600/690。不同材质使用相同的焊头和电源——操作人员选择程序,参数组合自动适配。对于CuNi和Alloy 600/690,可在PQR资质鉴定前按需提供定制工艺开发支持。

影响管板焊接射线检验一次合格率的因素有哪些?

材质、管板几何形状、清洁度、装配间隙、WPS和检验计划均影响一次合格率。PT系列焊头通过按象限参数控制、AVC和相邻管子间自动定位来支持重复性。90–95%的一次合格率代表具备经验证WPS的316L典型表现——实际结果取决于上述因素。每焊口数据记录便于判断偏差是工艺事件还是材质/装配问题,从而加快整个管束其余接头的无损检测处置。

PT系列如何处理管子周围的热不对称问题?

PT系列焊头按象限(每根管子周围四个位置)分别编程峰值电流、基值电流、脉冲频率和行进速度。每一侧的热沉不同——一侧朝向管板主体,另一侧朝向下一个管孔。象限控制补偿了这种不对称,而不是运行一个折中的单一程序。这是PT系列在大管束一次合格率上持续优于手工TIG的主要原因。

每焊口数据记录是否有助于ASME Section VIII压力容器审核?

是的。数据记录按管排坐标(第R行、第C列)以及电压、电流、气体流量、脉冲参数、操作人员ID、程序ID和时间戳对每道焊缝进行索引。ASME Sec VIII检验经常要求追溯特定接头位置;FYID-Feiyide的记录可在10秒内返回结果。NDE完成后,初次未通过的接头可追溯至其记录的焊接参数,从而区分工艺偏差与材质或装配问题——这对管束其余接头的知情处置至关重要。

发来管束图纸,我们返回焊头、电源和象限程序方案。

工程评审24小时内完成。请提供管道外径、壁厚、材质、管子数量和目标班次产量。

联系工程师